 Pius XI in later life. |

Pope Pius XI (1922–1939) Warsaw forced his departure as Nuncio. Two years later, he was pope. He signed concordats with numerous countries, including Lithuania and Poland
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 Boundary map of Vatican City, taken from the annex of the Lateran Treaty |

Signing of the Reichskonkordat on 20 July 1933. From left to right: German prelate Ludwig Kaas, German Vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen, representing Germany, Monsignor Giuseppe Pizzardo, Cardinal Pacelli, Monsignor Alfredo Ottaviani,German ambassador Rudolf Buttmann
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